Charter 88 and the Constitutional Reform Movement: a Retrospective

Assessing how far Charter 88 and the constitutional reform coalition influenced voting system reform in Britain

Lead in large part by Charter 88 and the Scottish Constitutional Convention, the activities of the constitutional reform movement since the early 1990s have clearly helped to introduce new proportional voting systems into UK politics. Yet, at the same time, the Labour governments after 1997decisively rejected voting reform for the House of Commons and dragged out Lords reform to prevent any dir...

Constitutional Reform in the English - Speaking Caribbean : Challenges and Prospects

INTRODUCTION Constitutional laws of countries in the English-speaking Caribbean (ESC) have changed very little, at least in relative terms, since the independence of these countries. Nevertheless, the institutional and political environment of the ESC presents some unique challenges to constitutional reform in the contemporary era. This paper examines the constitutional trajectory of these coun...

PACIFIC CURRENTS The Quest for Constitutional Reform in Tonga

Tonga’s constitution was originally a liberal, 19th century document that economically combined popular representation and aristocratic direction in a unicameral vehicle instead of the conventional bicameral legislature. Subsequent amendments strengthened the executive, and the greatest of all, in 1914, significantly reduced representation of both nobles and people. The configuration of power s...

The Rise and Decline of Kurdish Movement in Years 1978-88

the investigation of the relationship between type a and type b personalities and quality of translation

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